RESUMEN
We performed a longitudinal shotgun metagenomic investigation of the plaque microbiome associated with peri-implant diseases in a cohort of 91 subjects with 320 quality-controlled metagenomes. Through recently improved taxonomic profiling methods, we identified the most discriminative species between healthy and diseased subjects at baseline, evaluated their change over time, and provided evidence that clinical treatment had a positive effect on plaque microbiome composition in patients affected by mucositis and peri-implantitis.
Asunto(s)
Microbiota , Periimplantitis , Humanos , Periimplantitis/terapiaRESUMEN
Dental implants are installed in an increasing number of patients. Mucositis and peri-implantitis are common microbial-biofilm-associated diseases affecting the tissues that surround the dental implant and are a major medical and socioeconomic burden. By metagenomic sequencing of the plaque microbiome in different peri-implant health and disease conditions (113 samples from 72 individuals), we found microbial signatures for peri-implantitis and mucositis and defined the peri-implantitis-related complex (PiRC) composed by the 7 most discriminative bacteria. The peri-implantitis microbiome is site specific as contralateral healthy sites resembled more the microbiome of healthy implants, while mucositis was specifically enriched for Fusobacterium nucleatum acting as a keystone colonizer. Microbiome-based machine learning showed high diagnostic and prognostic power for peri-implant diseases and strain-level profiling identified a previously uncharacterized subspecies of F. nucleatum to be particularly associated with disease. Altogether, we associated the plaque microbiome with peri-implant diseases and identified microbial signatures of disease severity.
Asunto(s)
Bacterias/clasificación , ADN Bacteriano/genética , Metagenómica/métodos , Periimplantitis/microbiología , Análisis de Secuencia de ADN/métodos , Estomatitis/microbiología , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Bacterias/genética , Bacterias/aislamiento & purificación , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Implantes Dentales/microbiología , Femenino , Secuenciación de Nucleótidos de Alto Rendimiento , Humanos , Aprendizaje Automático , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , FilogeniaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To review the literature to assess the amount of change in height and width of the residual ridge after tooth extraction. MATERIAL AND METHODS: MEDLINE-PubMed and the Cochrane Central register of controlled trials (CENTRAL) were searched through up to March 2009. Appropriate studies which data reported concerning the dimensional changes in alveolar height and width after tooth extraction were included. Approximal height change, mid-buccal change, mid-crestal change, mid-lingual change, Alveolar width change and socket fill were selected as outcome variables. Mean values and if available standard deviations were extracted. Weighted mean changes were calculated. RESULTS: Independent screening of the titles and abstracts of 1244 MEDLINE-PubMed and 106 Cochrane papers resulted in 12 publications that met the eligibility criteria. The reduction in width of the alveolar ridges was 3.87 mm. The mean clinical mid-buccal height loss was 1.67 mm. The mean crestal height change as assessed on the radiographs was 1.53 mm. Socket fill in height as measured relative to the original socket floor was on an average 2.57 mm. CONCLUSION: During the post-extraction healing period, the weighted mean changes as based on the data derived from the individual selected studies show the clinical loss in width to be greater than the loss in height, assessed both clinically as well as radiographically.
